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Ciaran Connolly
Ciaran Connolly
Belgium is a small yet fascinating country nestled in the heart of Western Europe. Renowned for its impressive medieval architecture, diverse culture, and delectable cuisine, this captivating nation is often overlooked on the European travel circuit. However, those who venture to discover its charms are rewarded with a truly unique experience.
From its peculiar national language policy to its renowned prowess in the world of sports, Belgium boasts a plethora of intriguing facts that are sure to pique the interest of even the most seasoned traveller. In the paragraphs that follow, we will explore the top 10 most fascinating tidbits about this enchanting kingdom, shedding light on its rich history, quirky traditions, and remarkable achievements.
Whether you’re planning a trip to Belgium or simply have a budding curiosity about this small but mighty country, this article is sure to leave you with a newfound appreciation for the many wonders that Belgium has to offer. So, sit back, relax, and get ready to dive into the captivating world of this underrated European gem.
Facts about Belgium
Belgium, located in Western Europe, is known for its rich history and diverse culture. It is a bilingual nation with Dutch and French as its official languages, and it also recognises German in some regions. The capital, Brussels, is not only the political heart of Belgium but also hosts the headquarters of the European Union. Renowned for its medieval towns, impressive architecture, and delectable chocolates, Belgium offers a unique blend of tradition and modernity. The country is also famous for its beer culture, with numerous varieties brewed across its regions.
1. Etymology of the Name
To kick off our four-part list of facts about Belgium, we thought it best to start from the beginning: the origin of the country’s name. Belgium’s name originates from one of the earliest known tribes that settled in modern-day Belgium and parts of Northern France: the Gallia Belgica. The Romans recognised the cultural differences of the Belgica Gauls—their unique language, laws, and customs—and called the province ‘Belgae’.
The origins of its name can be further explained. Belgae is believed to have derived from the Celtic words Belg and Bolg, which means to swell with anger. The Romans recognised that the Gallia Belgica tribe was the most difficult to conquer, and they were known for their fierce bravery. Even after being subdued, they continued to resist and revolt against Roman rule.
2. The Gauls/Galliga Belgica
Continuing on our list of facts about Belgium, we discuss one of Belgium’s most ancient tribes: the Gallia Belgica. The Gauls were Celtic people who lived during the Iron and Roman Ages. Although they referred to themselves as Celts, Julius Caesar called them the Gauls or Gaul tribe.
Much of what we know about Gaul comes from the Ancient Roman Empire, which sought to conquer the land. Julius Caesar, leader of the Roman Empire, aimed to subdue the prominent Gaul tribes. The region of Gaul was divided into three main areas: Gallia Belgica, Gallia Celtica, and Aquitania. Gallia Belgica was the northernmost region, encompassing modern-day Belgium, northern France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and parts of Germany.
Gallia Celtica occupied what is now known as parts of France, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and western Germany, while Aquitania covered present-day southwest France.
This Celtic-Germanic influence made the Belgica tribe notably distinct from others in Gaul. Caesar observed that they differed in their language, laws, and customs.
3. The Official language of Belgium
Belgium (fittingly the third item in our list of facts about Belgium) has three official languages: French, Dutch, and German. In French, Belgium is called ‘la Belgique’, in German’ Belgien’, and in Dutch or Flemish ‘België’. English is also widely spoken throughout the country, especially in tourist areas and the capital city of Brussels, where many EU workers are based.
You may be wondering why the country has three official languages. Geographically, Belgium is situated next to France, Germany, and the Netherlands, and before its independence, these countries controlled and influenced it at various times.
Simply put, some parts of modern-day Belgium speak Dutch (60% of the population), such as the Flemish community in the northern regions like Flanders. Other areas, such as the southern Wallonia region, speak French (40%), while a small portion of the population in the eastern province of Liège speaks German (less than 1%).
Of course, this is an oversimplification, as many people are multilingual, and cities such as Brussels are multicultural and diverse. However, it is interesting to examine how neighbouring countries have influenced the primary language in different regions.
4. The World’s Smallest City
Durbuy in Belgium is a strong contender for the title of the smallest city in the world, and it is one of our favourite things about Belgium. A prosperous medieval town, Durbuy was granted city status in 1331 by John I, Count of Luxembourg. In the Low Countries—Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands—towns were often elevated to city status during the medieval period to secure certain privileges.
This practice was partly due to financial difficulties faced by feudal landlords, who permitted towns to purchase ‘freedoms’ as a means to alleviate their economic problems. Durbuy was one such town that benefited from city status, enjoying advantages such as a defensive wall, the right to trade, and other privileges.
Today, Durbuy proudly maintains its city status, boasting only 400 inhabitants and claiming to be the smallest city in the world. Beyond this intriguing claim, Durbuy is a popular destination for its charming medieval architecture; visiting the town feels like stepping into a fairy tale. The surrounding beautiful nature further enhances its appeal.
5. World Record Breaker
One of the most absurd facts about Belgium on our list is the country’s unusual world record. In 2011, Belgium made history as the most extended period in which a country went without an elected government after 589 days.
If you think that’s Interesting, Belgium broke its record again in 2020; this time, a federal government was formed in 644 days!
6. Art Nouveau in Belgium
As we have passed the halfway point on our list of facts about Belgium, we delve into why Belgian architecture is so unique. Belgium boasts an exceptional display of the Art Nouveau style, often considered one of the finest in the world. Art Nouveau, which translates to ‘New Art’ in French, is a movement that influenced various forms of art, including architecture, fine art, and applied arts. Its aim was to modernise art and bridge the gap between fine art and every day or applied art, such as furniture, product design, and interior decoration.
Characterised by its natural floral and stem motifs, Art Nouveau creates flowing tendrils and curved lines that frame art and buildings in an abstract yet harmonious manner. This style is renowned for incorporating elements of the natural world to produce cohesive, ‘flowing’ designs. It also embraced modernity by using unconventional materials and techniques.
Art Nouveau became a prominent style from 1890 to 1910, but many of its buildings were destroyed during the World Wars. Even before the First World War, the style had begun to give way to Art Deco. As a result, Art Nouveau structures are now relatively rare.
Fortunately, Belgium, particularly Brussels, remains a treasure trove of Art Nouveau architecture. In addition to Hôtel Tassel and Hôtel Solvay, designed by Victor Horta, notable examples include the Maison & Atelier Horta and the Église Sainte-Catherine, both of which highlight the intricate and innovative aspects of the style. These buildings, along with Hôtel Tassel and Hôtel Solvay, have been designated as UNESCO World Heritage sites, ensuring their preservation and continued appreciation.
7. Founding Members of the EU and NATO
Many of us know that Belgium is a member of the EU and NATO, but did you know it was a founding member of both organisations? This fact highlights Belgium’s significant role on the global stage, making it a notable entry in our historical facts about Belgium.
Belgium is one of the six founding members of the European Union, often referred to as the ‘heart of Europe’. Brussels, Belgium’s capital, is considered the de facto capital of the EU, hosting key institutions such as the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, and the European Commission. This central role reflects Belgium’s commitment to European integration and cooperation.
In 1949, Belgium was also one of the twelve founding members of NATO. The country’s strategic location and diplomatic efforts have made it a key player in the alliance. Over the years, Belgium has contributed significantly to NATO’s operations and missions, including peacekeeping and collective defence initiatives.
Belgium’s involvement in these organisations underscores its pivotal role in European and global affairs, showcasing its influence and dedication to international collaboration.
8. Culture and Cuisine
Belgium’s rich culture is reflected in its diverse cuisine, which varies by region and is celebrated for its exceptional quality. Known for its world-famous chocolates and beers, Belgium offers a culinary experience that blends tradition with innovation. Belgian cuisine features a delightful array of dishes, from moules-frites (mussels with fries) to hearty stews like carbonnade flamande. The country’s multicultural heritage is evident in its food, with French, Dutch, and German influences coming together in a unique gastronomic tapestry. Festivals and food markets across Belgium showcase local specialities, making the exploration of Belgian culture an indulgent and flavourful journey.
Belgian Fries
You can’t discuss Belgium without mentioning its exceptional cuisine, and one of the most beloved fried foods in the world, French fries, actually originated there. When American soldiers stationed in a French-speaking part of Belgium first tasted fries (or frites, as they are known locally), they mistakenly believed they were in France and dubbed them ‘French fries’. This misnomer led to one of Belgium’s most iconic dishes being associated with French cuisine.
The origin of frites is often traced back to the city of Liège. Legend has it that local people would fry fish caught from the river, but during the winter months, when the river froze and fish were scarce, they began to fry potatoes instead. This adaptation became a cherished culinary tradition.
Belgian fries are known for their distinct crispiness, achieved through a double-frying process, and are traditionally served with mayonnaise. Frites are so integral to Belgian culture that they have been recognised as part of the UNESCO Cultural Heritage. Besides fries, Belgium is renowned for its waffles, chocolates, and mussels, each reflecting the country’s rich culinary traditions and diverse cultural influences.
9. Famous Belgian People You Should Know About
Any discussion of Belgium is incomplete without highlighting some of the remarkable people who were born or lived there. This list features influential figures whose Belgian roots might surprise you.
Audrey Hepburn
Did you know that the Hollywood icon Audrey Hepburn was born in Brussels in 1929? The international movie star, fashion icon, and humanitarian was fluent in six languages: English, Dutch, French, Spanish, German, and Italian. Hepburn lived in various parts of the world and endured the hardships of WWII. After starring in classics like Breakfast at Tiffany’s and My Fair Lady, she dedicated much of her life to humanitarian work, notably with UNICEF. In recognition of her contributions, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1992.
Adophe Sax
One of Belgium’s most fascinating figures is Adolphe Sax, the inventor of the saxophone. Born in Dinant, Sax patented the saxophone in Brussels, and his craftsmanship set a standard that was unmatched for years. Despite many challenges, including a workshop fire and an attempted assassination, Sax’s legacy endures. Interestingly, his instrument was once banned in churches by the Vatican due to its secular nature.
George Lemaître
Georges Lemaître, a Belgian priest and scientist, made significant contributions to modern cosmology by proposing the Big Bang Theory in 1931. His groundbreaking work bridged the gap between science and religion, as he maintained a profound respect for both. Lemaître’s theory remains a cornerstone in the field of cosmology, reflecting his unique ability to harmonise his scientific and spiritual beliefs.
Gotye
Wouter André “Wally” De Backer, known professionally as Gotye, was born in Brussels in 1980 before moving to Australia at the age of two. His hit single ‘Somebody That I Used to Know’ achieved global success, earning 14x Multi-Platinum status and winning two Grammy Awards, including Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Record of the Year. The song’s official music video has amassed over 1.9 billion views on YouTube, making it a notable cultural phenomenon.
10. The Longest Bar in Europe
One of the most exciting facts about Belgium that made the list is that the most extensive European bar is in Leuven, just outside of Brussels!
The Old Market Square, or Oude Markt, is famous for having the longest bar in Europe. It comprises multiple pubs, restaurants, and cafés side by side. As Leuven is a university town, the Oude Markt has a lively atmosphere, with many Belgian and International students going there to relax at the weekend.
Inbev’s Stella Artois brewery is also located in the city, guaranteeing that most of your favourite beers will be available on tap. With nearly 50 different bars on one street, you may need longer than a weekend to visit them all!
Bonus Fact!
There were so many interesting facts about Belgium that we just had to include one more! Our Bonus fact is all about Belgium’s love of comics.
Statue of a Smurf in Belgium.
Some of our favourite characters were created in Belgium, from the Adventures of Tintin to the Smurfs. Brussels, in particular, has a longstanding history of creating comic strips and characters, so much so that large murals of iconic characters can be seen all around the city, a memoir of sorts of the city’s famous illustrations and the artists who created them.
Pictured above is a mural of Tintin, his faithful companion Snowy and Captain Haddock, no doubt on some wild adventure!
During WWII, American comics were banned in German-occupied France and Belgium, giving rise to a surge in Franco-Belgium comic creations, such as the Belgian magazine Spirou. The Comic Strip Route recognises the achievements of Belgian artists. It is a great way to spend time in Belgium, taking in the city’s culture free of charge.
Belgian artists George Remi (who used the pen name Hergé) and Piere Culliford created iconic characters such as Tintin and the Smurfs.
Conclusion
Delving into these top 10 interesting facts about Belgium unveils a country brimming with charm and intrigue. From its celebrated status as the birthplace of French fries to its pivotal role in shaping European and global organisations, Belgium’s allure is undeniable. The rich legacies of iconic figures like Audrey Hepburn and Adolphe Sax, combined with the vibrant, multicultural atmosphere of Brussels, highlight Belgium’s remarkable contributions to art, science, and culture. Whether through its mouthwatering cuisine or its influential historical role, Belgium offers a captivating blend of tradition and modernity that continues to enchant and inspire.
