Exploring the Best Castles in Türkiye

Updated On: April 23, 2024 by   Fatma Mohamed

Castles in Türkiye are pieces of evidence of the country’s rich and vibrant history. These substantial fortifications, once towering over medieval cities, can be found in every corner of the country with its unique beauty. Nestled amid Türkiye’s rich tapestry of history and culture, the castles stand tall as timeless guards of the nation’s past.

These magnificent fortresses have witnessed centuries of change across the country’s diverse landscapes. They witnessed the rise and fall of empires and the ebb and flow of trade and culture. In this exploration of the castles in Türkiye, we journey through time, uncovering the architectural marvels, historical importance, and captivating stories these castles offer. These castles glimpse different cultures and eras, from the Hittites and Romans to the Seljuks and Ottomans.

What is the Importance of the Castles in Türkiye?

Castles in Türkiye hold significant historical, cultural, and architectural importance for several reasons:

• Strategic Defense: Many castles in Türkiye were strategically positioned to defend against external threats and invasions. They played crucial roles in protecting cities, regions, and trade routes from enemy forces throughout history. These fortifications served as strongholds during conflicts, safeguarding the inhabitants and cultural heritage of the areas they defended.
• Historical Significance: Castles often date back to ancient civilisations, such as the Hittites, Urartians, and Romans, and have witnessed the rise and fall of various empires, including the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires. They are invaluable historical witnesses to the region’s complex past.
• Architectural Heritage: Many castles showcase remarkable architectural and engineering achievements. They often feature well-preserved walls, towers, gates, and other structures that reflect the architectural styles and construction techniques of the periods in which they were built.
• Tourism: Today, these castles are popular tourist attractions, welcoming visitors worldwide. They provide educational opportunities to learn about Türkiye’s history, culture, and architecture.

In summary, castles in Türkiye are living testaments to the country’s history, culture, and architectural achievements. They are tangible links to Türkiye’s rich and diverse past and offer invaluable insights into its heritage.

Best Castles in Türkiye

Let’s learn about the best castles in Türkiye. With its rich history and strategic location, Türkiye is home to numerous castles and fortresses that have played pivotal roles throughout the centuries. While determining the absolute “best” castle in Türkiye is challenging, here are some of the most notable ones that you might find interesting.

Bodrum Castle

Bodrum Castle, also well-known as the Castle of St. Peter (Turkish: Bodrum Kalesi or Aziz Petrus Kalesi), is one of the most iconic landmarks in Bodrum, a famous coastal town on the southwest coast of Türkiye, along the Aegean Sea. This impressive castle has a unique history and has been a key attraction in Bodrum for centuries. Here are some crucial features of Bodrum Castle:

History

Bodrum Castle was constructed in 1402 under the orders of the Knights of St. John, a Christian military order. It was initially built as a defensive castle during the reign of the Ottoman Empire to protect the region from potential invaders, especially pirates. The castle’s construction took several decades to complete. It was initially used as a military stronghold and a prison.

Architecture

Bodrum Castle is an enthralling example of medieval architecture and a must-see for any visitor to Bodrum—a prime example of Gothic and Renaissance military architecture. It features high stone walls, brutal towers, and a deep moat. The castle’s design reflects the strategic importance of Bodrum’s location.

Museum of Underwater Archaeology

Today, Bodrum Castle is home to the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology. This museum is one of the most renowned globally and showcases an impressive collection of artefacts recovered from shipwrecks in the Aegean Sea. Some highlights include amphorae, glassware, and various archaeological finds.

Courtyards and Towers

Within the castle complex, you can explore several courtyards and towers, each with its unique character. Visitors can also climb to the top of the castle for panoramic views of Bodrum and the surrounding sea.
The castle is on a peninsula overlooking Bodrum’s harbour, offering spectacular views of the town and the Aegean Sea.

Events

Besides its historical significance, Bodrum Castle is renowned for events and festivals. The castle grounds are often used for concerts, art exhibitions, and other cultural events. The castle also hosts several annual festivals, including the Bodrum Kalesi Jazz Festival and the Bodrum International Theatre Festival.

Visiting Bodrum Castle is a fantastic way to immerse yourself in the history and culture of the region while enjoying stunning vistas of the Bodrum Peninsula. The visiting hours for Bodrum’s historical sites and museums may vary depending on the season, but typically, it is open from 08:30 AM to 05:00 PM. The visiting hours may get extended in summer when tourists flock to the country.

Alanya Castle

Alanya Castle, also known as Alanya Kalesi, is a historic fortress located in the coastal town of Alanya on the southern coast of Türkiye. This castle is one of the most iconic landmarks in the region and holds a significant place in Türkiye’s history and culture.

Here are some critical details about Alanya Castle:

History

Most of Alanya Castle was created in the 13th century during the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm after the city was conquered by Alaeddin Keykubad in 1220. It was part of a building campaign that included the Kızıl Kule Tower, which has become the symbol of Alanya. The Seljuks fortified and expanded the castle to protect the town of Alanya and its essential harbour.

After the Ottoman period, the castle stopped being purely defensive, and many villas were built inside the walls during the 19th century.

Architecture

The castle was built on the remains of earlier Byzantine and Roman fortifications, 250 metres high on a peninsula which is rocky and jutting into the Mediterranean Sea. It had a 4-mile-long wall dotted with 140 towers. Alanya Castle is a fine example of medieval military architecture. The design reflects the Byzantine and Seljuk styles in the building.

Within the castle walls, you can explore a complex of historic structures, including a cistern, a Byzantine church, and a Seljuk-era palace.

Panoramic Views

Alanya Castle provides a fantastic, breathtaking panoramic view. It is one of the main features of the castle. Visitors can enjoy stunning vistas of Alanya, its harbour, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Taurus Mountains from the high vantage points within the castle.

Tourism

Alanya Castle is a popular tourist destination, attracting history enthusiasts and travellers seeking beautiful scenery. It’s a picturesque exploring location with narrow streets, old stone buildings, and vibrant gardens. Visitors can find many activities to do in this unique and exciting place. The castle is open to the public from 08:00 AM to 05:00 PM.

Uçhisar Castle

Uçhisar Castle, also recognised as Uçhisar Kalesi, stands as a distinct and remarkable historical site in Uçhisar within the heart of the Cappadocia region in central Türkiye. It ranks among the most prominent landmarks in Cappadocia and is renowned for its unique conical shape resulting from the interplay of natural rock formations and ancient manufactured structures.

Some records cite that it was built in the 14th century, while other references say the castle’s creation dates back to the 12th century or earlier. Though there are different creation dates, it’s undeniable that the castle holds within its rocks a rich history.

Geological Formation

Uçhisar Castle is primarily constructed from tuff, a soft volcanic rock abundant in the Cappadocia region. Over centuries, wind and water erosion have fashioned the tuff into the distinctive conical form that characterises the castle. This natural formation provided a solid foundation for constructing a fortified fortress.

History

The castle boasts a long history that traces its roots to ancient times. Due to its vital location in the district, it served as a dwelling for various civilisations, including the Hittites and early Christians. During the Byzantine and Roman periods, it functioned as a lookout point and was fortified for defensive purposes.

Recognising the strategic significance of Uçhisar Castle, the Seljuks, and subsequently the Ottomans, expanded the site. They incorporated caves and tunnels into the complex, which served multiple purposes, including storage, habitation, and escape routes—features that can still be explored today.

Panoramic Views

The primary allure of Uçhisar Castle lies in the scenic vistas surrounding the Cappadocian terrain. Visitors can climb to the castle’s peak and relish the breathtaking prospects of the distinctive rock formations, fairy chimneys, and valleys that have made Cappadocia famous.

Cave Dwellings

A range of cave dwellings and chambers is carved from the rock within the castle. These caves served as residences for inhabitants and offered shelter during strife. Some of these caves have undergone restoration and now function as accommodations or shops.

Tourism

Uçhisar Castle is a desirable destination in Cappadocia and constitutes a customary stop for travellers exploring the region. The spot will allow you to discover the history of Cappadocia and its natural splendour while affording brilliant photography opportunities.

Uçhisar Castle is considered a UNESCO World Heritage site. Typically, the site is open from around 8:00 AM to 05:00 PM, and it may extend to 07:00 PM during the busy summer season.

Türkiye’s wealth and diverse history have left an indelible mark on its landscape, and its castles are awesome guardians of its past. From the ancient marvels like Ankara Castle to the majestic coastal castles like Bodrum Castle and the captivating natural wonder of Uçhisar Castle in Cappadocia, these castles offer enthralling journeys through time and culture. Whether you seek panoramic views, architectural marvels, or a glimpse into Türkiye’s storied past, these castles are the gateways to a world of heritage and discovery. We are so excited to hear from you after trying to visit those castles!