Places to Visit in Cairo, Egypt

Updated On: April 11, 2024 by   Ciaran Connolly

Cairo, the sprawling capital of Egypt, stands as a testament to a rich and varied history that dates back millennia. Known for its striking juxtaposition of ancient and modern, the city offers a multitude of experiences that enthral travellers. This guide delves into the must-visit attractions in Cairo, detailing their historical significance, how to visit them, and providing practical tips for your journey. Additionally, it covers the city’s weather patterns and offers accommodation suggestions tailored for both families and solo travellers.

Key Attractions in Cairo

1. The Great Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx

The Great Pyramids of Giza, standing majestically on the outskirts of Cairo, are not just monumental architectural feats but also symbols of Egypt’s rich and enigmatic history. These ancient structures have captivated the imagination of people worldwide, drawing millions of tourists each year. Let’s delve into their history and understand why they remain one of the world’s most important attractions.

Historical Significance

The pyramids were constructed during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, roughly between 2580 to 2560 BC. They were built as monumental tombs for the pharaohs, believed to be divine rulers in ancient Egyptian culture. The largest and oldest of the three pyramids at Giza is the Great Pyramid, built for Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops in Greek).

Architectural Marvel

The construction of the pyramids is a subject of awe and speculation. The Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure for over 3,800 years. It’s estimated that 2.3 million blocks of stone, each weighing an average of 2.5 tons, were used in its construction. The precision with which these blocks were cut and assembled, aligning the pyramid to the cardinal points and incorporating complex inner chambers, showcases the ancient Egyptians‘ advanced understanding of mathematics and engineering.

The Symbolism

For the ancient Egyptians, the pyramids were gateways to the afterlife. The alignment of the pyramids with celestial bodies, the intricate inner chambers, and the elaborate burial rituals reflect their beliefs in the journey of the soul and the importance of the pharaohs in maintaining the order of the universe.

A Magnet for Tourism

The pyramids are among the most recognizable landmarks in the world and a symbol of Egypt’s enduring legacy. They attract millions of tourists for several reasons:

1. Historical Wonder: As the only remaining wonder of the ancient world, they offer a tangible connection to the past.
2. Architectural Brilliance: The sheer size and precision of the pyramids’ construction continue to amaze architects, historians, and tourists alike.
3. Cultural Significance: They provide insights into the ancient Egyptian way of life, beliefs, and societal structures.
4. Mystery and Intrigue: Myths and theories surrounding the pyramids, from the construction techniques to the purpose of their inner chambers, add to their allure.

Visiting: Located just outside Cairo, in the Giza Plateau, these structures are easily accessible by taxi or bus from the city centre. Hiring a guide is recommended for a more insightful experience. Don’t miss the Sound and Light show in the evening.

2. The Egyptian Museum

Nestled in the heart of Cairo’s Tahrir Square, the Egyptian Museum stands as one of the world’s most important repositories of ancient artefacts. Housing an unparalleled collection of objects from the Pharaonic and Greco-Roman periods in Egypt, it offers a deep dive into the rich and complex history of one of the oldest civilizations on Earth.

A Glimpse into the Museum’s Treasures

The Royal Mummies

Perhaps the most famed exhibit in the Egyptian Museum is its collection of royal mummies. This exhibit includes over two dozen mummies of pharaohs and other high-ranking officials from various dynasties, providing a fascinating insight into the ancient Egyptians’ practices and beliefs surrounding death and the afterlife.

Tutankhamun’s Collection

The museum is home to the stunning treasures of Tutankhamun’s tomb, discovered by Howard Carter in 1922. This includes the young king’s golden death mask, a symbol of ancient Egypt known around the world, along with over 5,000 other items, ranging from his chariots to intricate jewellery.

The Artifact Galleries

With over 120,000 items, the museum’s vast collection encompasses the breadth of ancient Egyptian history. Highlights include the Narmer Palette, which dates back to the 31st century BC, a vast collection of papyrus and coins used in the ancient world, as well as statues, sarcophagi, and an extensive array of everyday items that give a glimpse into the life of ancient Egyptians.

The Museum’s Significance

The Egyptian Museum is more than just a collection of artefacts; it’s a gateway into a long-gone world. The museum’s holdings provide invaluable insights into the art, architecture, language, and religion of ancient Egypt, allowing historians and archaeologists to piece together the puzzle of this civilization’s past.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit the Egyptian Museum is on weekdays, particularly in the morning when it’s less crowded. This allows for a more leisurely exploration of its extensive exhibits.

Practical Tips

• Allocate Enough Time: Given the sheer size of its collection, it’s advisable to spend at least half a day in the museum.
• Guided Tours: Opting for a guided tour can enhance the experience, providing expert insights into the history and significance of the exhibits.
• Photography: While photography is allowed, there may be additional fees for using cameras inside the museum.

3. Khan El Khalili Bazaar

Khan El Khalili Bazaar, nestled in the heart of Islamic Cairo, is not just a marketplace but a vibrant historical landmark steeped in the rich tapestry of Egypt’s past. This bustling bazaar, with its narrow alleys and eclectic shops, offers a sensory journey into the cultural and commercial life of Cairo.

Origins in the Mamluk Era

Established in the 14th century under the rule of the Mamluk Sultanate, Khan El Khalili was originally a hub for trade and commerce, attracting merchants and travellers from across the Islamic world and beyond. It was part of a larger complex that included caravanserais (inns for traders) and a mausoleum.

Cultural Melting Pot

Over centuries, Khan El Khalili evolved, reflecting the changing dynamics of Cairo. It has witnessed the rise and fall of empires and the ebb and flow of different cultures, and it has served as a backdrop to key historical events. This rich history is embedded in every corner of the bazaar, from its ancient buildings to its traditional crafts.

Why Tourists Love It

A Cultural Experience

For tourists, Khan El Khalili is more than a shopping destination; it’s an immersive cultural experience. It offers a chance to engage with Cairo’s history, observe local artisans at work, and take home a piece of Egyptian heritage.

Photography and Exploration

The bazaar’s picturesque setting is a paradise for photographers and explorers. Each turn reveals new sights – from ancient mosques and historic buildings to colourful displays of goods and lively street performances.

Accessibility

Located in the heart of Cairo, Khan El Khalili is easily accessible by various modes of transport. Its proximity to other historical sites in Islamic Cairo makes it a convenient stop for tourists exploring the area.

4. Islamic Cairo

Islamic Cairo, often referred to as “Historic Cairo,” is not just a part of the city but a living museum brimming with architectural wonders and historical landmarks. This area is designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is famed for its dense concentration of medieval Islamic architecture, representing the cultural and political pinnacle of the Islamic world.

Islamic Cairo’s charm lies in its winding alleys, bustling souks, and the plethora of monuments that narrate tales of a bygone era. Unlike the ancient pyramids, this part of Cairo reflects a different spectrum of Egypt’s rich history, showcasing the Islamic architectural heritage from various dynasties.

Notable Landmarks and Attractions

1. The Citadel of Saladin (Al-Qalaa)

This massive stone fortress, built by Salah al-Din (Saladin) in the 12th century, was the seat of Egyptian rulers for nearly 700 years. The Citadel offers panoramic views of Cairo and houses several mosques and museums, the most notable being the Mosque of Muhammad Ali, a stunning example of Ottoman architecture.

2. Al-Azhar Mosque

Founded in the 10th century, Al-Azhar Mosque is one of Cairo’s earliest mosques and a premier Islamic educational institution. Its architectural evolution over centuries encapsulates the story of Cairo itself. The mosque is a symbol of Islamic scholarship and remains a pivotal site in the Muslim world.

3. Sultan Hassan Mosque

Regarded as a masterpiece of Mamluk architecture, the Sultan Hassan Mosque, built in the mid-14th century, is renowned for its grandeur and harmonious proportions. It includes a madrasa (Islamic school) and is celebrated for its magnificent dome and intricate interior.

4. Ibn Tulun Mosque

Dating back to the 9th century, the Mosque of Ibn Tulun is one of the oldest and largest mosques in Egypt. Its unique design features include a spiral minaret that visitors can climb for a scenic view of the city.

5. Khan El Khalili Bazaar

As mentioned previously, Khan El Khalili is a historic market dating back to the 14th century. It’s a labyrinth of colourful stalls and traditional crafts, a perfect place to experience the vibrant street life of Cairo.

6. Bab Zuweila

One of the remaining gates of the medieval city, Bab Zuweila, offers a glimpse into the fortified city that Cairo once was. Visitors can climb to the top for an impressive view of the old city.

7. The Street of the Tentmakers (Sharia Khayamiya)

This unique market street is dedicated to the traditional craft of Khayamiya, or tentmaking. Here, artisans create and sell beautifully patterned textiles, a craft that dates back to the times of the pharaohs.

Cultural and Historical Significance

Islamic Cairo’s significance lies in its preservation of Islamic art, architecture, and urban design. The mosques, madrasas, and fortifications are not just relics but active parts of the city’s cultural and religious life. This area serves as a vivid reminder of the Islamic civilization’s golden age.

Tips for Visiting

• Guided Tours: Given the area’s rich history, a guided tour can provide valuable insights.
• Dress Conservatively: When visiting religious sites, modest dress is expected.
• Allow Time for Exploration: The narrow lanes and hidden corners of Islamic Cairo are best explored at a leisurely pace.

5. Coptic Cairo

Coptic Cairo, an area steeped in historical and religious significance, offers a unique glimpse into the early Christian period of Egypt. Tucked away within the bounds of Old Cairo, this tranquil enclave presents a stark contrast to the bustling cityscape, revealing a rich tapestry of history, art, and architecture.

Origins and Significance

Coptic Cairo’s history is intrinsically linked to the early days of Christianity in Egypt. The area was a stronghold for Christianity long before the Islamic era, serving as a centre for Christian worship and learning. The term ‘Coptic’ refers to Egyptian Christians and the Coptic language, which is the last stage of ancient Egyptian languages.

Important Sites in Coptic Cairo

1. The Hanging Church (El Muallaqa)

Built into the walls of the Roman fortress of Babylon, the Hanging Church is one of the most famous Coptic churches in Cairo. Its elevated position, perched above a gatehouse, gives the church its name. The church’s interiors are adorned with intricate woodcarvings and religious icons, reflecting a fusion of ancient Egyptian and Christian art.

2. Saint Sergius and Bacchus Church (Abu Serga)

This church is historically significant as it’s believed to be built on the spot where the Holy Family, Joseph, Mary, and the infant Jesus, took refuge during their flight into Egypt. The church’s crypt is a pilgrimage site for many Coptic Christians.

3. The Coptic Museum

The Coptic Museum houses the world’s largest collection of Coptic artefacts, showcasing the richness of Egyptian Christian art from the early Christian period to the Islamic era. The museum’s collection includes textiles, manuscripts, icons, and architectural elements.

4. Ben Ezra Synagogue

Adjacent to Christian monuments, the Ben Ezra Synagogue stands as a testament to the multi-religious history of the area. According to tradition, it is located on the site where baby Moses was found.

5. Church of St. George (Mar Girgis)

One of the few round churches in Egypt, the Church of St. George is an architectural marvel with its distinctive circular design. It is a Greek Orthodox church, indicative of the religious diversity present within Coptic Cairo.

6. The Saints Sergius and Bacchus Convent

Adjacent to the Abu Serga Church, this convent is a centre for religious studies and home to a group of devout nuns. It’s known for its peaceful atmosphere and spiritual ambience.

Experiencing Coptic Cairo

A Journey Through Time

Visiting Coptic Cairo is like walking through the pages of history. Each church, street, and museum tells a story of faith, resilience, and artistic expression.

The Confluence of Cultures

This area is not just a Christian landmark but a confluence of cultures where Christian, Jewish, and Islamic histories intertwine, offering a unique perspective on Egypt’s diverse religious heritage.

Tips for Visitors

• Respectful Attire: As a sign of respect, visitors should dress modestly, particularly when entering religious sites.
• Photography: Always ask for permission before photographing people; some religious sites may have restrictions on photography.
• Guided Tours: Consider a guided tour to gain deeper insights into the historical and religious significance of the area.

6. The Citadel of Cairo

Perched on a hill above Cairo, the Citadel is not just an imposing military bastion but a symbol of the city’s historical narrative. Built by Saladin, the legendary Sultan and founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, this grand fortress has stood as a witness to Cairo’s changing fortunes over centuries. Today, the Citadel offers a mix of historical intrigue and spectacular views, making it a must-visit for anyone exploring Cairo.

The Foundation by Saladin

The Citadel’s construction began in 1176 by Saladin, primarily as a fortification against the Crusaders. Its strategic location on the Mokattam Hills made it an ideal defensive position, overlooking the entire city and the surrounding area.

A Seat of Power

Over the centuries, the Citadel has served as the residence and seat of power for many rulers who controlled Egypt, from the Ayyubids and the Mamluks to the Ottomans. Each dynasty left its mark, expanding and enhancing the Citadel with palaces, mosques, and other structures.

Modern Transformation

In the 19th century, Muhammad Ali Pasha, often considered the founder of modern Egypt, added significant structures, including the impressive Mosque of Muhammad Ali. His contributions marked the last major phase of construction, turning the Citadel into a more palatial complex.

The Citadel’s Key Highlights

The Mosque of Muhammad Ali

Dominating the skyline, the Mosque of Muhammad Ali, also known as the Alabaster Mosque, is an architectural masterpiece. Built in the Ottoman style, it’s adorned with alabaster walls and an ornate central dome. The mosque’s interior is equally stunning, featuring a spacious courtyard and intricate design elements.

The Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque

This mosque, another significant structure within the Citadel, dates back to the Mamluk era. It’s renowned for its beautiful minarets and elaborate decorations, reflecting the Mamluk architectural style.

The Military Museum

The Military Museum inside the Citadel complex showcases Egypt’s military history, including Pharaonic, Islamic, and modern eras. It provides an in-depth look at the country’s historical conflicts and military developments.

Panoramic Views of Cairo

The Citadel offers some of the best panoramic views of Cairo, with clear days allowing views that stretch to the Pyramids of Giza.

Visiting the Citadel

Getting There

The Citadel is easily accessible by taxi, which is the most convenient option for tourists. Public transport options are also available, but they might be less straightforward for first-time visitors.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit the Citadel is during the morning to avoid the heat of midday and to enjoy the clear morning views over the city. It’s also generally less crowded at this time.

Practical Tips

• Allocate Enough Time: Spend at least half a day to fully explore the Citadel and its museums.
• Dress Code: Modest dress is recommended, especially when visiting the Mosque of Muhammad Ali.
• Guided Tours: Opt for a guided tour to enhance your understanding of the Citadel’s history and significance.

Weather in Cairo and Best Time to Visit

Weather Overview

Cairo experiences a desert climate. Summers (May to August) are hot and dry, with temperatures often soaring above 35°C. Winters (November to February) are mild and pleasant, with occasional rain.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to visit Cairo is during the cooler months, from November to March. The weather is comfortable for outdoor explorations, and the key attractions are less crowded.

Accommodations in Cairo

For Families

1. Kempinski Nile Hotel: Located in the heart of Cairo, it has family-friendly amenities and stunning Nile views.
2. Four Seasons Hotel Cairo at Nile Plaza: Offers luxurious family accommodations and child-friendly activities.

For Solo Travelers

1. Downtown Hostel: Situated in the bustling downtown, perfect for budget-conscious solo travellers.
2. The Australian Hostel: Known for its friendly atmosphere and central location, ideal for meeting fellow travellers.

Conclusion

Cairo, with its rich tapestry of history, culture, and modern vibrancy, offers an unparalleled travel experience. From the awe-inspiring Great Pyramids to the bustling bazaars and the tranquil Coptic quarters, the city has something for every traveller. Understanding Cairo’s weather patterns and choosing the right accommodation is key to an enjoyable visit. Whether you’re a solo adventurer or a family exploring the ancient wonders, Cairo awaits you with open arms, ready to reveal its timeless secrets and create unforgettable memories.