Mycenae, Greece: 6 Important Facts

The majestic ruins of the fabled ancient city of Mycenae draw tourists from all over the world. In reality, this is one of Greece’s most significant archaeological sites, and the earliest artefacts discovered there date to 3,000 BC.

Heinrich Schliemann, a German amateur archaeologist, conducted excavations in the Mycenae region of Greece in 1870. This was significant since Mycenae was previously believed to have only existed in myths and literature. Schliemann’s research demonstrated the integrity of the data presented by Homer in The Iliad and the eminent geographer Pausanias. The Iliad served as a crucial source of information in determining where to begin the excavation process.

The Archaeological Museum of Mycenae now exhibits many of the discovered artefacts. According to Greek legend, the city had an acropolis that dates back to the 13th century B.C. It was reconstructed then and built on sturdy, five-meter-thick Cyclopean walls. 

The massive size of the blocks utilised in this design gives it its name. The strong Cyclops was credited with creating this masterpiece in a legendary account. The Gate of the Lions at this wall’s entrance is the oldest example of monumental European sculpture, not just Greece.

Although the Mycenaeans are well-known for being skilled warriors and hunters, the discoveries reveal more about their activities and way of life. The pottery shows that Mycenae and other city-states engaged in substantial trade. Fragments of Mycenaean pottery have been discovered as far away as Egypt and Italy. 

Mycenae is also known for relying on reputable traders committed to exchanging basic materials like oil, animal skins, and other raw materials for expensive items like jewels from Crete, Egypt, and Asia Minor. Unlike the Minoans, Mycenaean society reserved riches for the king and other authorities and did not distribute them to the general populace. Ivory sculptures, gold decorations, and jewellery also provide an impression of their luxury.

Numerous bronze weaponry and domestic objects, such as cups, were discovered. Another significant aspect of Mycenaean culture is burials. Before 1500 BC, the notable members of Mycenaean society were interred in tombs with deep holes. 

However, the renowned Tholos tombs were built after this century. These tombs, which are large chambers carved into the side of a hill, are essentially a colossal construction. Such societies are known for burying their leaders in such opulent settings.

In addition, the Tholos tombs were discovered in 1870. The most significant item found is the golden mask of Agamemnon, together with other masks found in the graves of substantial Mycenaean chieftains. These masks demonstrate the Mycenaean custom of interring significant people with a golden mask.

Mycenae Greek Mythology

The Mycenaean period lasted more than four centuries, after which Mycenae vanished and was forgotten, to the point that many believed it never existed. Mythology and literary sources have been the only historical evidence of the Mycenaean empire’s existence. 

Homer, for instance, beautifully described the Mycenaean battle with Troy, albeit this was regarded as fiction. Mycenae’s history was significant to Greece and substantially impacted its development.

Heinrich Schliemann, an amateur archaeologist, used Homer’s facts as the foundation for his research and found the city of Troy. Then, in the northern Peloponnese, he saw the fabled city of Mycenae. These two excavations proved that Homer’s epics were not merely works of fiction but also included many facts.

The consolidation of power in the hands of the kings was a distinctive feature of the monarchical structure of the Mycenaean civilisation. In contrast to Minoan Crete, these riches were not distributed to the rest of society at Mycenae. As this civilisation had a significant military profile, marked by encouraging conflicts and invading areas, the Mycenaean rulers were perpetually at war. 

According to extant documents discovered in Asia Minor and the Middle East, the Mycenaean army was among the Egyptian raiders. When the Minoan civilisation weakened due to a string of earthquakes, its capacity for battle was also demonstrated. It appears that the Mycenaean forces used this opportunity to capture Crete.

The Cyclopean Walls, the enormous walls composed of massive stones that protected the Mycenaean settlements, also represent the battle character of Mycenaean society. According to the tale, humans couldn’t have built these walls with the technology available then, so Cyclops must have done it. 

The art of Mycenae, unmistakably defined by themes of combat and hunting, was profoundly influenced by this military atmosphere. The Minoan manner and way of life, which were more devoted to daily living, contrasted with this.

On the other hand, the Mycenaeans eventually imposed their civilisation upon the Aegean inhabitants following the invasions. Trading was another activity besides war and invasions. The Mycenaeans developed trade, albeit not to the same extent as the Minoans. 

In return for beautiful items like jewellery, they frequently traded raw materials like oil, animal skins, and other raw materials from Crete, Egypt, and Asia Minor, which used to stand out in manufacturing such products. However, as was already established, only a few wealthy officials and monarchs could partake in this activity’s grandeur.

As tributes to the deceased, such pricey and exquisite items have frequently been found in the tombs of monarchs and other royal family members. The tholos, or Mycenaean tombs, featured vaulted roofs and two rooms: a smaller one for the deceased and a bigger one for the gifts. 

The Treasury of Atreus, the most well-known vaulted tomb, is just a short stroll from the archaeological site of Mycenae and is thought to be the grave of King Agamemnon. The construction of tombs for undesirables or criminals beyond the city walls is particularly intriguing.

Near Nafplion lies the historical town of Mycenae, which has many sites and monuments. Nafplion has intriguing specimens of Byzantine architecture despite the absence of any churches. 

One such intriguing chapel located inside the castle walls is Agios Andreas. The church of Saint Spyridon has a unique historical significance because it was where Kapodistrias, the first Greek governor, was killed in 1831.

Panagia church is located at Nafplion near the harbour. The church of Agios Nikolaos, Nafplion’s oldest church, is in the middle of the city. The 16th-century Agios Georgios was the ancient town’s Metropolis Cathedral. Visitors will find a variety of attractions at both locations.

Mycenae- How is the Weather Like?

The high altitude and different locations of the Peloponnese have different climates. The year-round tourism in Mycenae benefits from the temperate climate. Mycenae experiences typical Mediterranean summers with highs that can reach above 35°C. Although the winters are mild, there are periods when it rains or snows heavily.

Mycenae Geography

Mycenae is one of Greece’s most significant archaeological sites, renowned for its fabled past. It is located between Argos and Nafplion in the Peloponnese region. 

Mycenae, the kingdom of Agamemnon, was the leader of the Greeks in the fight against Troy, and this is where the ancient Mycenaean civilisation flourished. The Mycenaean Acropolis was constructed between two steep hills around 280 metres above sea level. The mountain cannot see it.

Mycenae’s geography is quite fascinating. One of Peloponnese’s most picturesque regions, it is distinguished by majestic mountains that tower over the palaces and archaeological wonders of ancient Mycenae. 

Its barren soil and untamed hills primarily distinguish Mycenae. Due to the region’s harsh terrain, farming there was challenging and demanding for the residents. The area’s natural scenery, which closely reflects the entire Peloponnese, is followed by the ancient site of Mycenae.

One of the most significant sites in mainland Greece is the archaeological site of Mycenae, situated in the eastern Peloponnese. Mycenae was the most influential town of its day and even inspired an entire historical era. This Mycenaean period is why it was cited by the epic muse Homer and the geographer Pausanias.

Many scholars did not think that the town of Mycenae existed and believed that it was a creation of Homer until the 1870s when amateur archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann began excavating the site. After excavating Mycenae, Troy, and Tyrians, Schliemann was called the “father of Mycenaean Archaeology.”

The Mycenaean civilisation existed from 1,600 BC to 1,100 BC, peaking between 1,400 BC and 1,200 BC. According to history, the Mycenaeans had a strict social structure with the monarch at the top and were superb warriors. Although Mycenaean pots have been discovered across the Mediterranean basin, with the majority being found in southern Italy and even in Egypt, they did not advance the arts much, and there is little evidence of widespread trade between Mycenae and other city-states.

On the ancient site of Mycenae, in addition to pots, there were also ivory sculptures, many golden decorations, bronze weapons, jewellery, and household items like cups. Many of these, including the golden mask of Agamemnon, thought to be the death mask of King Agamemnon, were discovered in shaft graves.

Mycenae’s fortress was built on the brow of a hill with a view of the Argos valley. Cyclopean walls, which are tall and composed of enormous stones, served as their defence. According to legend, men couldn’t feasibly move such rocks due to the primitive technology of the time; hence, the Cyclops created these walls. Due to the two female lions etched into the stone above the gate, the entrance to the citadel is known as the Lion Gate.

In addition to the Acropolis, the highest point in the city and where the monarch would reside, the citadel has the ruins of dwellings, cisterns, public buildings, and storehouses. The Treasury of Atreus, Greece’s best-preserved vaulted tomb, lies far from the castle. Very few artefacts were discovered within this tomb during its excavation because it had previously been robbed during the Medieval or Ottoman periods.

The grave of Clytemnestra, Agamemnon’s fabled spouse, is close to the fortress. The grave of Aegisthus, who planned the murder of Agamemnon and his mistress Clytemnestra, stands beyond the walls of Mycenae. Aegisthus was not desired by the community, as evidenced by the fact that he was buried beyond the city limits.

The Archaeological Museum, located next to Mycenae’s citadel, is home to several priceless artefacts retrieved from this location. The historic site of Mycenae was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Monument in 1999.

Mycenae- Stone Architecture

Mycenae’s stone architecture is unique and was influenced by several civilisations, including the Minoans of Crete. Palaces, fortifications, towns, and burial monuments were among the significant architectural remnants of the Mycenaean civilisation discovered during archaeological investigations in the second half of the 19th century. 

The Mycenaean strongholds, perched above the cliffs and enclosed by sturdy walls, dominate the surrounding area. The palaces, constructed in prominent places and including large building complexes and paved yards, are significant.

The distinctive Mycenaean tombs, the most renowned of which is the tomb of Agamemnon (also known as the Treasury of Atreus), are an essential component of the city’s architecture. Other graves nearby may be those of Agamemnon’s ancestors. 

The enormously massive stone blocks that define magnificent defence buildings like the fortification walls of the Acropolis, the Lion Gate, and the Cyclopean walls are distinguishing characteristics of Mycenaean architecture (the myth says that the Cyclops constructed them).

This civilisation’s architectural skills went beyond physical structures and significantly advanced water and transportation systems. Mycenae’s fabled architectural creations are unparalleled worldwide and continue to influence Greek history significantly.

1. Mycenae Atreus Treasury 

Mycenae’s Treasury of Atreus One of the most well-known structures in Mycenae is the Treasury of Atreus, sometimes referred to as the Tomb of Agamemnon, the mythological ruler of Mycenae. 

It is located just a short stroll from the historic city. The Treasury of Atreus is a Tomba domed tomb made of stone, as frequently seen in the Peloponnese. 

However, this tomb had been stolen centuries before and was only partially visible when Schliemann visited Mycenae in 1879. Scholars imagined that it housed gold and other costly offerings, which is how the tomb got its name. 

Not to add, Atreus was the ruler of Mycenae and the father of Agamemnon. A 36-meter-long narrow walkway leads to the tomb’s entrance, which includes a 120-ton-plus triangular lintel stone over the opening. 

The vaulted ceiling and interesting echo that the inside of the tomb produces. The Treasury of Atreus, built in 1250 BC, is 13.5 metres high and 14.5 metres in circumference. 

Until the completion of the Pantheon in Rome, it was the highest dome in existence. Another unexpected feature is that red porphyry and green alabaster, which were highly uncommon painting colours at the period, were used to adorn the interior of this tomb.

2. Mycenae Cyclopean Walls

The Cyclopean Walls of Mycenae are notable for being constructed from enormous limestone rocks haphazardly placed together. The ancient people said that the Cyclops erected these gates because it was difficult for men to move such exceedingly large stones. 

For this reason, the walls were named Cyclopean Walls. Notably, these walls fit together quite coarsely since the hammer was rarely used to build them. More minor limestone filled the fractures and openings between the stones. 

These Cyclopean walls, dating to the 13th century B.C., make Mycenaean architecture unique. Archaeologists have noted that Tyrins and Argos, two other Mycenaean towns, also exhibit a similar construction style. 

However, Harry Thurston Peck split Cyclopean architecture into four styles in 1898. The first design uses larger and smaller stones spaced at different intervals. The rocks in the second type are neatly shaped polygons. The fourth type is distinguished by its rectangular stones of variable height, whereas a stone of unequal size defines the third style but the same height. Mycenae’s walls adhere to the third style.

3. Mycenae Archaeological Museum 

Visitors may find the Archaeological Museum of Mycenae at the entrance to the historic site, next to the Lion Gate. It was finished in 2003 and spans a vast space with three floors, but only two rooms are used for the show. The collection comprises beautifully designed clay, pottery, sculptures, murals, and jewellery items. 

One of the chambers houses a replica of the Golden Mask of Agamemnon, discovered in the Treasury of Atreus but now housed in the Archaeological Museum of Athens. The museum also displays more than 2000 artefacts from the ancient site of Mycenae and its surroundings. 

It is also important to note that the museum replicates the Mycenaean site, allowing visitors to glimpse its fascinating past or return in time. The museum’s contemporary structure has a total floor area of 2,000 square metres. 

The museum is built in three storeys and contains discoveries made during excavations in Mycenae, an ancient city. Only three rooms on two floors are used as display spaces; most of the structure is used for storage and the development of the finds.

The artefacts are from Mycenae and the surrounding area. They span from the Copper Era, which began approximately 3,000 B.C., to the Hellenistic period, which started in the second century B.C. There are over 2,500 exhibits, most of which are made of ceramic and include jewellery, murals, tools, and weaponry. The gold jewellery, particularly its intricate patterns, is stunning. 

One of the chambers also houses a replica of the Golden Mask of Agamemnon, a funerary mask discovered in the Treasury of Atreus. The National Archaeological Museum in Athens is home to the original, a funerary mask of pure gold. Although it is not proven, archaeologist Schliemann, who discovered Mycenae, thought it was King Agamemnon’s funeral mask. 

The Archaeological Museum of Mycenae’s first chamber features ceramic artefacts from the historic town and is devoted to the daily lives of the Myceneans. The second chamber has exhibits from graves, such as gifts for the deceased, and is dedicated to life beyond death. 

The third room is devoted to the ideas of religion, science, art, government, and trade as practised by the Mycenaean civilisation. Near the museum’s entrance, wall pillars explain the history of Mycenae and its excavation. A replica of the old site is also located directly across from the entrance.

4. Mycenae lion gate

The Lion Gate marks the entrance to Mycenae’s walled citadel. Two lions are shown beneath a triangle on a stone above the entry gate, around 10 feet wide and high. However, the metal heads of the lions in the inscription are said to have been stolen long ago. 

Additionally, the lions are seen resting their paws on an altar and flanking the sides of a pillar, possibly representing authority. As you enter through the gates, there is a tiny opening inside the rock wall that many people think was either a guard post or intended to house guard dogs. 

Over the years, the Lion Gate has come to represent the whole Mycenae archaeological complex. In the past, a wooden door closed the entryway. The door used to be locked with a wooden bar and open inward.

Mycenae Nightlife

Except for a few pubs in the new hamlet, Mycenae has no nightlife. The nearest towns, Tolo and Nafplion, feature pubs and restaurants along the shoreline and a few clubs open all night.

• Mycenae Mezedokipos: This 100-year-old company, operated by the same family for three generations, combines the historic culinary culture that made the restaurant renowned with contemporary accents on delectable meals to appeal to fans of the new generation’s cuisine. It is a fresh option in the region.

• Mycenae Achilleus: Achilleus Restaurant’s inspiration came from a love of authentic Greek food and 30 years of expertise in first-rate service. The proprietors have developed a nicely designed area with seats for about 500 people inside a welcoming and family-oriented setting. 

Achilleus Restaurant can go above and beyond your expectations in any project with the proper planning and top-notch service as the fundamental instruments of this establishment.

Achilleus also organises conferences, exhibitions, wedding celebrations, and baptisms. Customers may enjoy the freshly remodelled space’s delicious cuisine and lovely environment. Every situation benefits from having Achilleus.

• Mycenae Kolizeras: Kolizeras aims to combine design with the most outstanding comfort and service to provide a space that will inspire, enchant, and astound. The end product is a fine dining establishment that is a piece of beauty in and of itself.

• Mycenae Retro: This retro restaurant has been perfecting and upgrading classic Greek and Italian cuisine for 30 years by fusing history with innovation. The emphasis is mainly on the legacy of the Greek and Italian cultures, although global trends unquestionably impact it. 

• Mycenae King Menelaos: King Menelaos resides and governs in the centre of Mycenae. It has maintained its elegance for over three decades, and its most recent renovation aimed to satisfy even the most exacting clientele. You would expect Greek food, a welcoming environment, and exceptional service in a fabled country hall or on the balcony.

• Mycenae The Brothers: All-day espresso bar with unique espresso blends that are only available here. Drinks, food for brunch or breakfast, and a refreshing draught beer or creative cocktail.

Top-Rated Hotels in Mycenae

1. Hotel Mycenae 

The Akropolis of Aspida is less than 1 mile away, and the Archaeological Museum of Mycenae is 10 km from Hotel Mycenae, both of which are in Argos. Room service, baggage storage, and free WiFi are just a few of the amenities offered at this establishment. The hotel includes accommodations for families. 

Every room has a closet, and some Hotel Mycenae rooms feature balconies. In addition to a flat-screen T.V., air conditioning, and a safety deposit box, guests have access to a minibar. 

The hotel offers a breakfast buffet each morning. Hotel Mycenae is near Megaro Trikoupi, the Ancient Theatre of Argos, and the Argos Train Station. The closest airport is Kalamata Captain Vassilis Constantakopoulos Airport, 89 kilometres away.

2. Morpheus Hotel 

It is located in Argos’s old district and provides accommodations with balconies that look out over St. Peter’s Square or the nearby pedestrian area. Free Wi-Fi is available throughout the place, and a front desk is open 24/7. 24-hour room service is also available. 

The Morfeas Hotel offers air-conditioned rooms with mini-fridges and flat-screen T.V.s with cable channels. The private bathroom has soft, fluffy towels, a hairdryer, and complimentary amenities. A hearty breakfast buffet is offered daily, and you may have it in the comfort of your accommodation. 

Before going for a walk in the city and visiting different local shops, you may get your favourite coffee or drink at the Morfeas bar. Nafplion is only 10 kilometres distant, Athens is 120 km away, and Mycenae is an archaeological site that can be reached in 15 minutes by car. You may get directions to the locations you want to see at the front desk.

3. Palladion Boutique Hotel 

The Palladion Boutique Hotel in Argos Town’s main square has distinctively furnished rooms with balconies. It offers massage therapy and a Turkish steam room, and the public spaces have free Wi-Fi. Every contemporary room has air conditioning, a satellite TV, a DVD player, and video games. 

Additionally, they offer a minibar, ironing equipment, a safe, and a bathroom with complimentary amenities. The Palladium’s dining room offers a breakfast buffet for guests to enjoy as they start their day. You might have it served inside the space. They may also enjoy a quick meal or beverage at the on-site snack bar.

4. Theoxenia Hotel 

Theoxenia Hotel in Argos, Greece, offers 1-star lodging and is located 2.8 kilometres from Aspida’s Akropolis and 2.9 km from the city’s train station. The 1-star hotel features rooms with air conditioning, free WiFi, and private bathrooms. It also includes a patio. 

The balconies of the apartments offer views of the city. There is a television in each hotel room. Each room at Theoxenia Hotel is furnished with towels and bed linens. Megaro Trikoupi, Dikastiriou Square, and the Ancient Theatre of Argos are popular attractions close to the lodging.

Mycenae Festivals

Argos-Mycenae Event: The Summer Festival of Argos-Mycenae is the most significant event in the Mycenae area. From June through September, this event is held at various locations around the area, including the Ancient Theatre of Argos, the Mycenae Archaeological Site, the Nafplion Cultural Centers, and even town squares and schoolyards. This festival includes theatre productions, musical concerts, art exhibits, kid’s performances, and thematic evenings.

Conclusion

The ancient city of Mycenae is situated in Greece’s Peloponnese region, on the lush Argolid Plain, between two bigger hills. One of the main towns of the Mycenaean civilisation, essential to developing ancient Greek culture, is the Bronze Age acropolis or fortress perched on a hill. Greek mythology also gives Mycenae a significant role, and it has served as a source of inspiration for poets, authors, and painters for many years despite the city’s abandonment more than 2,000 years ago.